Curna, Cūrṇa, Curnā: 31 definitions
Introduction:
Curna means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Churna.
In Hinduism
Ayurveda (science of life)
Rasashastra (Alchemy and Herbo-Mineral preparations)
Source: CCRAS: Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of India, Appendix IThe fine sieved powder of well dried drug(s) is called Cūrṇa. (see the Śārṅgadhara-saṃhitā II.6.1, which is a 14th century medicinal Ayurvedic treatise in Sanskrit written by Śārṅgadhara).
Kalpa (Formulas, Drug prescriptions and other Medicinal preparations)
Source: National Mission for Manuscripts: Traditional Medicine System in India (kalpa)Cūrṇa (चूर्ण, “powder”) refers to the “dried” (grounded paste of medicine) and represents one of the various Ayurvedic medicinal preparations and formulations.—Ayurvedic medicine are of different types. They can be used as single drugs, i.e. plants, metals and mineral drugs and animal drugs used in a single.
Toxicology (Study and Treatment of poison)
Source: Shodhganga: Kasyapa Samhita—Text on Visha ChikitsaCūrṇa (चूर्ण) refers to the “powder” (e.g., of conch), according to the Kāśyapa Saṃhitā: an ancient Sanskrit text from the Pāñcarātra tradition dealing with both Tantra and Viṣacikitsā—an important topic from Āyurveda which deals with the study of Toxicology (Viṣavidyā or Sarpavidyā).—Several herbal formulations have been recommended in the segment exclusively for lepa or ointment to counter poison. According to Kāśyapasaṃhitā (verse VIII.43), “Also, the unguent gotten from mixing the powder of conch (śaṅkha-cūrṇa-anulepana) and tamarind water, when applied, quells even the poison of the serpent of the class of Takṣaka”.
Unclassified Ayurveda definitions
Source: Wisdom Library: Āyurveda and botanyCūrṇa (चूर्ण) is a Sanskrit technical term, referring to “powder”. The term is used throughout Ayurvedic literature such as the Suśruta-saṃhitā and the Caraka-saṃhitā.
Source: Google Books: Essentials of AyurvedaCūrṇa (चूर्ण, “powder”).—The dried drug is pounded finely without adding any liquid and strained though cloth. This is known as Cūrṇa. Kṣoda and rajas are its synonyms.
Source: Academia.edu: Ayurveda and PharmaceuticsCūrna (Powder): The dried and powdered form of herb is cūrna. It is dry and can be preserved for longer periods. The shelf life of cūrnas were calculated to 6 months in the literature of Āyurvēda, however, with the advent of modern technology and better quality containers, the powders can be stored up to two years. Ex: Triphala cūrna contains equal parts of powders made from Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellirica and Emblica officinalis.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstraCūrṇa (चूर्ण) refers to “prosaic speech”. The term is used throughout nāṭyaśāstra literature.
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Vastushastra (architecture)
Source: OpenEdition books: Architectural terms contained in Ajitāgama and RauravāgamaCūrṇa (चूर्ण) refers to “lime § 2.16.”.—(For paragraphs cf. Les enseignements architecturaux de l'Ajitāgama et du Rauravāgama by Bruno Dagens)
Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Source: Google Books: Studies in the History of the Exact Sciences (Astronomy)Cūrṇa (चूर्ण, “powder”) refers to “powdered sesamum mixed with rice” and represents one of the items offered to the nine planets (navagraha), according to the grahaśānti (cf. grahayajña) section of the Yājñavalkyasmṛti (1.295-309), preceded by the section called vināyakakalpa (1.271-294), prescribing a rite to be offered to Vināyaka.—[verse 302-303: Faggots to be burned]—These two verses prescribe different faggots [i.e., cūrṇa] to be burned for grahas with offerings of honey, ghee, dadhi, and milk. It is interesting to note that some of the faggots (i.e. parāśa, khadira, pippala, and śamī) mentioned here are also used in the Suśrutasaṃhitā in the context (Uttaratantra chapters 27-37) of curing the diseases caused by grahas, which, in this case, are not planetary. [verse 304-305: Cooked rice (odana) to be offered to grahas]
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Kavya (poetry)
Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (kavya)Cūrṇa (चूर्ण) refers to “magic powders”, according to Bāṇa’s Kādambarī (p. 226).—There are apparently several Tantric rites that Bāṇa pejoratively associates with the priest: [...] “his ear-cavities were punched by those possessed by Piśāca-demons, who had run to him when struck by white mustard seed he had empowered with mantras more than once”; “he had used magic powders (cūrṇa) for snaring women many times on aging mendicant ladies, who having arrived from other lands retired [there to rest]”.
Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationCūrṇa (चूर्ण) refers to “shampoo powder”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.45 (“Śiva’s comely form and the Jubilation of the Citizens”).—Accordingly, after Menā spoke to Śiva: “After saying thus and eulogising the moon-crested lord, Menā, the beloved of the mountain, bowed to Him with palms joined in reverence and stood shy. By that time the ladies of the town left the work they were engaged in, in their eagerness to see Śiva. A certain lady in the midst of her bath and toilet was overwhelmed with the desire to see Śiva, the bridegroom of Pārvatī. She came out with the shampoo powder (cūrṇa) still held in her hands. [...]”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shilpashastra (iconography)
Source: Shodhganga: Elements of Art and Architecture in the Trtiyakhanda of the Visnudharmottarapurana (shilpa)Cūrṇa (चूर्ण) or Iṣṭakācūrṇa refers to the “powder” of bricks, which was used in the process of creating a Canvas, in the ancient Indian art of Painting (citra), according to the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, an ancient Sanskrit text which (being encyclopedic in nature) deals with a variety of cultural topics such as arts, architecture, music, grammar and astronomy.—Canvas is a kind of surface on which a painter can draw a picture. In ancient time walls are seen to be plastered with different substances and these were prepared for Painting. [...] For the process of kuḍya i.e., plastering on a wall, the painter needs iṣṭakā-cūrṇa i.e., powder of bricks and mṛd i.e., clay as basic ingredients. To prepare this at first the powder of three kinds of brick and one third of clay should be mixed.
Shilpashastra (शिल्पशास्त्र, śilpaśāstra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.
Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa)
Source: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama TextsCūrṇa (चूर्ण) refers to “powder” (used for applying to the icon’s head before bathing-rites), as discussed in chapter 22 of the Viṣvaksenasaṃhitā: a Pāñcarātra text comprising 2800 Sanskrit verses dealing with theological matters, image-worship, iconography (relating to pratimā-icons) and the construction of temples.—Description of the chapter [snapana-vidhi]: [...] As for snapana-rites, these are classified as good/better/best according to the number of pots used—the least acceptable being with only 17 primary kalaśa-pots (76b-79a). Once kautukabandha-rituals have been done to the icon and cūrṇa-powder has been applied to its head, then the Lord is bathed (79b- 82a). Again liturgical honors are advanced to Him, accompanied by great éclat, and He is finally offered mahāhavis, whereupon the Ācārya-director is rewarded (82b-87).
Pancaratra (पाञ्चरात्र, pāñcarātra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the GaganagañjaparipṛcchāCūrṇa (चूर्ण) refers to “(showering) powders”, according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly, “[...] Then, by the unconditioned magical power of manifestation, by the miraculous performances (vikrīḍita) of the Buddha [Ekaratnavyūha], [Gaganagañja with the other Bodhisattvas] teleported from the Mahāvyūha universe to the Sahā universe, in one moment of thought, and sat down there. They showered flowers, garlands, powders (cūrṇa), perfumes, unguents, parasols, banners, flags from the Mahāvyūha universe pouring down as rain”
Source: De Gruyter: A Buddhist Ritual Manual on AgricultureCūrṇa (चूर्ण) refers to “powder” (suitable for an offering ceremony), according to the Vajratuṇḍasamayakalparāja, an ancient Buddhist ritual manual on agriculture from the 5th-century (or earlier), containing various instructions for the Sangha to provide agriculture-related services to laypeople including rain-making, weather control and crop protection.—Accordingly [as the Bhagavān taught the detailed offering-manual], “Pills should be made of pungent mustard seed oil, honey, oleander-flower, nāgapuṣpa and powder (cūrṇa). Then the pills should be thrown into the Nāga lake. After the mantra has been recited 108 times, and merely upon throwing [pills] into the lake, all Nāgas rejoice. They send forth great rain showers. If it does not rain on the same day, the bodies of those Nāgas will be destroyed. They will have head diseases, there will be suffering for them”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra 5: The category of the non-livingCūrṇa (चूर्ण) refers to one of the six types of division (bheda) according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra 5.24.—What is the meaning of cūrṇa? Flour of wheat etc is called cūrṇa.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarycūrṇa (चूर्ण).—n (S) Powder or dust: also crumbs, particles, fragments. 2 Lime.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishcūrṇa (चूर्ण).—n Powder. Lime.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryCūrṇa (चूर्ण).—[cūrṇ karmaṇi ac]
1) Powder.
2) Flour.
3) Dust; तत्राश्मचूर्णान्यपतन् पावकप्रकरा इव (tatrāśmacūrṇānyapatan pāvakaprakarā iva) Rām.1.171.3.
4) Aromatic powder, pounded sandal, camphor &c; भवति विफलप्रेरणा चूर्णमुष्टिः (bhavati viphalapreraṇā cūrṇamuṣṭiḥ) Meghadūta 68.
-rṇaḥ 1 Chalk.
2) Lime.
3) Pounding.
Derivable forms: cūrṇaḥ (चूर्णः), cūrṇam (चूर्णम्).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryCūrṇa (चूर्ण).—adj.? in Mahāvastu ii.87.12 (kiṃ) karmārāṇāṃ sarva-cūrṇa-karmaṃ ? sūcīyo, what is the most delicate (so Senart; or, profound, significant, important?) work of smiths? Needles. Perh. compare [Jaina Māhārāṣṭrī] cuṇṇa, n., defined by [Paia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo] pada- viśeṣa, gambhīrārthaka pada, mahārthaka śabda. [Paia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo] derives from a Sanskrit caurṇa, of which I can find no trace; if a secondary derivative of cūrṇa, it might mean lit. polished with powder, rubbed down, or the like, and so refined or subtle. Cf. Sanskrit cūrṇi, cūrṇī, and s.v. cūrṇika below (?).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryCūrṇa (चूर्ण).—mn.
(-rṇaḥ-rṇaṃ) 1. Powder, any pulverulent or minute division of substance. 2. Chalk, lime. 3. Aromatic powder, pounded Sandal, &c. 4. Pounded camphor. f. (-rṇī) 1. A Cowri, the shell used as a coin. 2. Selection of an unanswerable argument. 3. A river in Bengal. 4. The red powder scattered at the Holi festival. 5. Dust: see cūrṇi E. cūrṇ to pound, &c. affix. karmaṇi ac . bhāve ac peṣaṇe .
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryCūrṇa (चूर्ण).— (an old ptcple. pf. pass. akin to carv), m. and n. Any pulverulent or minute division of substance. 1. Flour, [Pañcatantra] 121, 11. 2. Dust, Mahābhārata 3, 10972. 3. Powder, Mahābhārata 6, 5764. 4. Aromatic powder, [Meghadūta, (ed. Gildemeister.)] 69.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryCūrṇa (चूर्ण).—[adjective] ground, pulverized; [masculine] [neuter] dust, flour, powder.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Cūrṇa (चूर्ण):—[from cūrṇ] mfn. (√carv) minute, [Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā lxxxi, 6]
2) [v.s. ...] m. ([Mahābhārata; Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā]) n. powder flour, aromatic powder, pounded sandal, [Śāṅkhāyana-śrauta-sūtra; Kātyāyana-śrauta-sūtra; Kauśika-sūtra; Mahābhārata] etc. (ifc. [Pāṇini 6-2, 134])
3) [v.s. ...] m. chalk, lime, [Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā xxvii, 36; Prabodha-candrodaya ii, 17 [Scholiast or Commentator]]
4) [v.s. ...] Name of a man, [Vīracarita xv, xxviii]
5) [v.s. ...] n. rice mixed with sesam, [Yājñavalkya i, 303]
6) [v.s. ...] a kind of easy prose, [Vāmana’s Kāvyālaṃkāravṛtti i, 3, 25]
7) [v.s. ...] dividing a word by separating double consonant for obtaining a different sense (in a riddle, etc.), [iv, 1, 7].
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Cūrṇa (चूर्ण):—(ka) cūrṇayati 10. a. To contract, to wink; to throw; to grind.
2) [(rṇaḥ-rṇaṃ)] 1. m. n. Powder; lime; aromatic powder. f. (ṇī) A cowri; a posing argument; a river; a red powder; dust.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Cūrṇa (चूर्ण) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Cuṇṇa, Cuṇṇā, Cūra, Cūria, Mamūra, Mummura.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryCūrṇa (चूर्ण) [Also spelled churn]:—(nm) powder, pulverized or powdered substance; digestive powder.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusCūrṇa (ಚೂರ್ಣ):—[noun] = ಚೂರ್ಣಗೆಡ್ಡೆ [curnagedde].
--- OR ---
Cūrṇa (ಚೂರ್ಣ):—
1) [noun] a white caustic alkaline substance (calcium oxide) obtained by heating limestone and used for making mortar, white-washing walls; lime.
2) [noun] a substance in the form of fine dry particles; powder; dust.
3) [noun] any aromatic powder (as of sandal, camphor, etc.).
4) [noun] a piece of a whole; a fragment.
5) [noun] a method thieving or cheating, using charming powders.
6) [noun] (rhet.) lucidity in the style of prose writing; a composition with simple and short compounds.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Source: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary1) Curnā (चुर्ना):—n. 1. endoparasite; 2. small children; kids;
2) Cūrṇa (चूर्ण):—n. 1. powder; farina; 2. lime;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+8): Curnadi, Curnagadde, Curnagedde, Curnahara, Curnaka, Curnakara, Curnakesha, Curnakhanda, Curnakrit, Curnakuntala, Curnakutta, Curnalaka, Curnamadu, Curnamgey, Curnamushti, Curnana, Curnapada, Curnaparada, Curnapesham, Curnaraja.
Query error!
Full-text (+269): Yogacurna, Tilacurna, Lohacurna, Curnakuntala, Curnakhanda, Krishnacurna, Curnakara, Curnaparada, Curnata, Curnayoga, Raktacurna, Curnashas, Ragacurna, Dhanacurna, Ayashcurna, Curnamushti, Shankhacurna, Narasimhacurna, Godhumacurna, Curnapada.
Relevant text
Search found 59 books and stories containing Curna, Cūrṇa, Cūrṇā, Curnā; (plurals include: Curnas, Cūrṇas, Cūrṇās, Curnās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Amarakoshodghatana of Kshirasvamin (study) (by A. Yamuna Devi)
Daily Life (3): Perfumes < [Chapter 3 - Social Aspects]
Bhagavatpadabhyudaya by Lakshmana Suri (study) (by Lathika M. P.)
The River Cūrṇa < [Chapter 4 - Similarities and Dissimilarities]
Studies on the standardisation of curnas part – ii talizadya curna < [Volume 11 (issue 1-2), Jul-Dec 1991]
Preservation of drugs < [Volume 2 (issue 1), Jul-Sep 1982]
Ayurvedic management of cirrhotic ascites < [Volume 35 (issue 4), Apr-Jun 2016]
Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)
Studies in Indian Literary History (by P. K. God)
21a. Works and Authors mentioned in Candrata’s Yogaratna-Samuccaya < [Volume 1 (1945)]
28. Brahmadeva’s Commentary on the Siddhayoga of Vrinda < [Volume 1 (1945)]
50. Date of Vangasena, the Author of the Cikitsasara samgraha < [Volume 1 (1945)]
Manasollasa (study of Arts and Sciences) (by Mahadev Narayanrao Joshi)
4. Social Customs described in the Manasollasa < [Chapter 3 - Social and Political conditions reflected in Somesvara’s Manasollasa]
7. Description and treatment of Fever (Jvara) < [Chapter 5 - Sciences in Someshvara’s Manasollasa]
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