Curnaka, Cūrṇaka: 10 definitions
Introduction:
Curnaka means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Churnaka.
In Hinduism
Chandas (prosody, study of Sanskrit metres)
Source: Shodhganga: a concise history of Sanskrit Chanda literature1) Cūrṇaka (चूर्णक) refers to one of the three types of gadya according to Candraśekhara’s Vṛttamauktika 6.1-2. As the metres are used in padyas, there are also metres, prescribed for gadyas. Candraśekhara (author of Vṛttamauktika) divides the whole vāṅmaya in two groups i.e. padya and gadya. He defines gadya as the composition, which is distracted with pāda. He again divides the gadya into three viz. Cūrṇaka, Utkalikāprāya and Vṛttagandhi.
Description of Cūrṇaka: The composition which is an assembly of soft words and composed by use of less compound words is called as cūrṇaka. And it becomes more pleasant if written in vaidarbhī style (rīti). But Candraśekhara, goes one step further and implies his views on gadya by dividing the cūrṇaka into three viz. 1. Āviddhacūrṇa, 2. Lalitacūrṇa, 3. Mugdhacūrṇa. The Mugdhacūrṇa is further divided into two i.e. 1. Avṛttimugdhacūrṇa, 2. Atyalpavṛttimugdhacūrṇa..
2) Cūrṇaka according to the Chandomañjarī 6.1 by Gaṅgādāsa (16th century):—The composition which is an assembly of soft words and composed by less use of compound words is called as cūrṇaka. This will be more beautiful if it is written in vaidarbhī style (rīti).
Chandas (छन्दस्) refers to Sanskrit prosody and represents one of the six Vedangas (auxiliary disciplines belonging to the study of the Vedas). The science of prosody (chandas-shastra) focusses on the study of the poetic meters such as the commonly known twenty-six metres mentioned by Pingalas.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryCūrṇaka (चूर्णक).—[cūrṇa svārthe ka]
1) Grain fried and pounded.
2) A species of silk-cotton tree (śālmalīviśeṣa); अङ्कोलाश्च कुरण्टाश्च चूर्णकाः पारिभद्रकाः (aṅkolāśca kuraṇṭāśca cūrṇakāḥ pāribhadrakāḥ) Rām.4.1.8.
-kam 1 A fragrant powder.
2) A style of prose-composition which is easy, does not contain hard letters, and has very few compounds; अकठोराक्षरं स्वल्पसमासं चूर्णकं विदुः (akaṭhorākṣaraṃ svalpasamāsaṃ cūrṇakaṃ viduḥ) Chand. M.6.
3) Explaining in prose the purport of a foregoing verse.
Derivable forms: cūrṇakaḥ (चूर्णकः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryCūrṇaka (चूर्णक).—m.
(-kaḥ) Grain fried and pounded. n.
(-kaṃ) Expounding in prose the purport of a foregoing verse, an order or interpretation in prose not abounding in compound words. E. kan added to the preceding.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryCūrṇaka (चूर्णक).—[cūrṇa + ka], n. Aromatic powder, [Suśruta] 2, 392, 11.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Cūrṇaka (चूर्णक):—[from cūrṇ] m. a kind of Ṣaṣṭika grain, [Suśruta i, 46, 1, 5]
2) [v.s. ...] chalk-like paleness, [Caraka v, 1 and 12]
3) [v.s. ...] grain fried and pounded, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
4) [v.s. ...] n. fragrant powder, [Suśruta vi, 35, 5]
5) [v.s. ...] a kind of easy prose (expounding the purport of a foregoing verse, [Horace H. Wilson]), [Chandomañjarī]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryCūrṇaka (चूर्णक):—(kaḥ) 1. m. Grain fried and pounded. n. Prose writing.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Cūrṇaka (चूर्णक) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Cuṇṇaga.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusCūrṇaka (ಚೂರ್ಣಕ):—
1) [noun] the act or process of pulverising, powdering.
2) [noun] a machine or device used for this purpose.
3) [noun] (rhet.) lucidity in the style of prose writing; a composition with simple and short compounds.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Curnakara.
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Full-text: Raktacurnaka, Shukticurnaka, Khanijacurnaka, Curnika, Aviddhacurna, Lalitacurna, Curnana, Cunnakam, Cunnaga, Mugdhacurna, Curnapada, Utkalikapraya, Nagakesara, Gadyavritta, Gadya, Vrittagandhi, Curna.
Relevant text
Search found 14 books and stories containing Curnaka, Cūrṇaka; (plurals include: Curnakas, Cūrṇakas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Hanuman Nataka (critical study) (by Nurima Yeasmin)
13. Discussion on the Prose < [Chapter 4]
Gita-govinda of Jayadeva (comparative study) (by Manisha Misra)
6. Linguistic skill of the poet < [Chapter 5 - A Critical and Musical estimate of Kisora-chandrananda-champu]
Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)
Agni Purana (by N. Gangadharan)
Notes and Comments < [Purana, Volume 12, Part 1 (1970)]
Alamkaras mentioned by Vamana (by Pratim Bhattacharya)
2: Definition of Yamaka Alaṃkāra < [Chapter 3 - Śabdālaṃkāras mentioned by Vāmana]