Verse 2.16

शत्रू मन्द सितौ समश्च शशिजो मित्राणि शेषारवेस्-तीक्ष्णांशुर्हिमरश्मिजश्च सुहृदौ शेषाः समाः शीतगोः ।
जीवेन्दूष्ण कराः कुजस्य सुहृदो ज्ञोऽरिः सितार्की समौ मित्रे सूर्य सितौ बुधस्य हिमगुः शत्रुः समाश्चापरे ॥ १६ ॥

śatrū manda sitau samaśca śaśijo mitrāṇi śeṣāraves-tīkṣṇāṃśurhimaraśmijaśca suhṛdau śeṣāḥ samāḥ śītagoḥ |
jīvendūṣṇa karāḥ kujasya suhṛdo jño'riḥ sitārkī samau mitre sūrya sitau budhasya himaguḥ śatruḥ samāścāpare || 16 ||

The Sun’s two enemies are Saturn and Venus, Mercury is neutral, and the rest are friends (Moon, Mars, and Jupiter). The Moon’s two friends are the Sun and Mercury and the rest (Mars, Jupiter, Venus, and Saturn) are neutral. Mars’ friend’s are Jupiter, Moon, and the Sun, Mercury is his enemy, and Venus and Saturn are neutral. Mercury’s two friends are Sun and Venus, the Moon is an enemy, and the others (Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn) are neutral.
English translation by Michael D Neely (2007)

Word-for-Word grammar analysis breakdown

śatrū (stem form: śatru) (masculine, nominative, dual) = the two enemies
manda = Saturn
sita = Venus
mandasitau (stem form: mandasita) (masculine, nominative, dual) = Saturn and Venus
samas (stem form: sama) (masculine, nominative, singular) = neutral
ca (conjunction) (indeclinable) = and
śaśin = the Moon (possessed of the hare)
ja = a son
śaśijas (stem form: śaśija) (masculine, nominative, singular) = Mercury (son of the Moon)
mitrāṇi (stem form: mitra) (neuter, nominative, plural) = the friends
śeṣās (stem form: śeṣa) (masculine, nominative, plural) = the rest
raves (stem form: ravi) (masculine, genitive, singular) = the Sun’s
tīkṣṇāṃśus (stem form: tīkṣṇāṃśu) (masculine, nominative, singular) = the Sun
himaraśmi = the Moon (cool-rayed)
ja = a son
himaraśmijas (stem form: himaraśmija) (masculine, nominative, singular) = Mercury (son of the Moon)
ca (conjunction) (indeclinable) = and
suhṛdau (stem form: suhṛd) (masculine, nominative, dual) = the two friends
śeṣās (stem form: śeṣa) (masculine, nominative, plural) = the rest
samās (stem form: sama) (masculine, nominative, plural) = neutral
śītagos (stem form: śītagu) (masculine, genitive, singular) = the Moon’s
jīva = Jupiter
indu = the Moon
uṣṇakara = the Sun
jīvendūṣṇakarās (stem form: jīvendūṣṇakara) (masculine, nominative, plural) = Jupiter, Moon, and the Sun
kujasya (stem form: kuja) (masculine, genitive, singular) = Mars’
suhṛdas (stem form: suhṛd) (masculine, nominative, plural) = friends
jñas (stem form: jña) (masculine, nominative, singular) = Mercury
aris (stem form: ari) (masculine, nominative, singular) = a enemy
sitārkī (stem form: sitārki) (masculine, nominative, dual) = Venus and Saturn
samau = the two neutrals
mitre (stem form: mitra) (neuter, nominative, dual) = two friends
sūrya = the Sun
sita = Venus
sūryasitau (stem form: sūryasita) (masculine, nominative, dual) = the Sun and Venus
budhasya (stem form: budha) (masculine, genitive, singular) = Mercury’s
himagus (stem form: himagu) (masculine, nominative, singular) = the Moon
śatrus (stem form: śatru) (masculine, nominative, singular) = an enemy
samās (stem form: sama) (masculine, nominative, plural) = neutrals
ca (conjunction) (indeclinable) = and
apare (stem form: apara) (pronoun, 3rd person, masculine, nominative, plural) = the others

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (2.16). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Shatru, Manda, Sita, Siti, Sama, Shashija, Mitra, Shesha, Arava, Aru, Tikshnamshu, Himarashmija, Suhrid, Suhrida, Shitagu, Jiva, Jivan, Indu, Ushna, Kara, Kuja, Jna, Ari, Arkin, Surya, Budha, Himagu, Capa,

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Verse 2.16

Brihat Jātaka of Varāhamihira
by Michael D Neely (2007)

Edition includes original Sanskrit text, English translation and word-for-word analysis.

Last Updated: 22 December, 2024