Verse 4.1

The monthly menstruation is caused by Mars and the Moon when the Moon is situated in a house of suffering. But situated otherwise in aspect from a benefic, male planet, then a woman is overtaken by man in intercourse.

English translation by Michael D Neely (2007)

Word-for-Word grammar analysis breakdown

kuja = Mars
indu = the Moon hetu = the cause
kujenduhetus (stem form: kujenduhetu) (masculine, nominative, singular) = caused by Mars and the Moon
pratimāsam (stem form: pratimāsa) (neuter, nominative, singular) = monthly
ārtavam (stem form: ārtava) (neuter, nominative, singular) = menstruation
gate (verb root: gam) (past passive participle, neuter, nominative, singular) = situated in
tu (conjunction) (indeclinable) = but
pīḍā = suffering
ṛkṣa = house
pīḍarkṣam (stem form: pīḍarkṣa) (neuter, nominative, singular) = a house of suffering
anuṣṇa = apathetic
dīdhiti = a ray of light
anuṣṇadīdhitau (stem form: anuṣṇadīdhiti) (feminine, locative, singular) = when a ray of light from the apathetic (the Moon)
atas (adverb) (indeclinable) = then
anyathā = otherwise
stha = situated
anyathāsthe (stem form: anyathāstha) (masculine, locative, singular) = situated otherwise
śubha = benefic
puṃs = masculine graha = planet
īkṣita = aspected
śubhapuṃgrahekṣite (1st class verb root: īkṣ) (past passive participle, masculine, locative, singular) = when aspected by a benefic, masculine planet
nareṇa (stem form: nara) (masculine, instrumental, singular) = by man
saṃyogam (stem form: saṃyoga) (masculine, accusative, singular) = intercourse
upaiti (upa + 2nd class verb root: e) (present indicative, parasmaipada, 3rd person, singular) = is overtaken
kāminī (stem form: kāminī) (feminine, nominative, singular) = a woman