Lobha, Lobhā: 41 definitions
Introduction:
Lobha means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Lobh.
In Hinduism
Dharmashastra (religious law)
Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-śāstraLobha (लोभ) is a Sanskrit technical term, used in jurisdiction, referring to “greed for wealth”. It is mentioned as one of the causes for giving false evidence. The word is used throughout Dharmaśāstra literature such as the Manusmṛti. (See the Manubhāṣya 8.120)
Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: Wisdom Library: Viṣṇu-purāṇaLobha (लोभ) refers to “covetousness” (materialistic greed) and represents a type of Ādhyātmika pain of the mental (mānasa) type, according to the Viṣṇu-purāṇa 6.5.1-6. Accordingly, “the wise man having investigated the three kinds of worldly pain, or mental and bodily affliction and the like, and having acquired true wisdom, and detachment from human objects, obtains final dissolution.”
Ādhyātmika and its subdivisions (e.g., lobha) represents one of the three types of worldly pain (the other two being ādhibhautika and ādhidaivika) and correspond to three kinds of affliction described in the Sāṃkhyakārikā.
The Viṣṇupurāṇa is one of the eighteen Mahāpurāṇas which, according to tradition was composed of over 23,000 metrical verses dating from at least the 1st-millennium BCE. There are six chapters (aṃśas) containing typical puranic literature but the contents primarily revolve around Viṣṇu and his avatars.
Source: archive.org: Puranic EncyclopediaLobha (लोभ).—One of the spiritual sons of Brahmā. Matsya Purāṇa mentions that Lobha was born from the lip of Brahmā while Bhāgavata mentions that he was the son of Māyā.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index1a) Lobha (लोभ).—Born of Brahmā's lower lip.*
- * Bhāgavata-purāṇa III. 12. 26; Matsya-purāṇa 3. 10.
1b) Born of Lambha and Māyā.*
- * Bhāgavata-purāṇa IV. 8. 3.
Lobha (लोभ) refers to “greed” (which is to be abandoned by forest-dwellers), according to the Rāmāyaṇa chapter 2.28. Accordingly:—“[...] soothening with kind words to Sītā, when eyes were blemished with tears, the virtuous Rāma spoke again as follows, for the purpose of waking her turn back: ‘[...] Anger (krodha) and greed (lobha) are to be abandoned by the dwellers of forest. Devotion is to be bestowed on asceticism. What needs to be feared, should not be feared. Hence, living in a forest is a suffering’”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Source: archive.org: Vagbhata’s Ashtanga Hridaya Samhita (first 5 chapters)Lobha (लोभ) refers to “(the urges of) avarice”, mentioned in verse 4.25 of the Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā (Sūtrasthāna) by Vāgbhaṭa.—Accordingly, “[...] He, however, who desires welfare both after his death and here shall always suppress the urges of avarice, jealousy, hatred, envy, passion [viz., lobha-īrṣyā-dveṣa-mātsarya-rāga], etc. after having subjugated his senses [viz., jitendriya]”.
Source: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of termsLobha (लोभ):—Greed : insatiable desire for having something ; Excessive desire to acquire more than need.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Google Books: ManthanabhairavatantramLobha (लोभ) refers to “greed”, according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—Accordingly, “Those who are overcome with greed (lobha) and the like do what is forbidden. The goddesses take away from him whatever they have uttered before. Then the goddesses take away from the one who has transgressed Śiva's pledge (whatever) other accomplishment (he may have achieved). The Siddhas of the Śrīsamaya and the rest, who are in the maṇḍala have been mentioned in due order”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Yoga (school of philosophy)
Source: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason BirchLobha (लोभ) refers to “greed”, according to the Amṛtasiddhi (verse 24.1-2).—Accordingly, [while describing kāyasiddhi in terms redolent of tapas (i.e., purification and bindu):] “When the accomplishment of [destroying] the [five] impurities [is achieved], as well as the union of the two Bindus, then one should know the body to be perfected and endowed with all good qualities. [Such a Siddha] is free from cold, heat, thirst, fear, desire and greed (lobha). He has crossed over the ocean of anxiety, disease, fever, suffering and grief”.
Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).
In Buddhism
Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Access to Insight: A Glossary of Pali and Buddhist TermsGreed; passion; unskillful desire. Also raga. One of three unwholesome roots (mula) in the mind.Source: Dhamma Dana: Pali English GlossaryM Greed, desire.
Source: Journey to Nibbana: Patthana DhamaPart of the Lobha Team.
Attachment;
Lobha is attachment. It is craving. It is greediness. It is clinging. It has many other different names like tanha, raga, samudaya, upadana etc etc. Oceans may even full with water but lobha never full with its desire. Lobha or tanha is one of two roots of wheel of life or paticcasamuppada.
Source: Pali Kanon: Manual of Buddhist Terms and DoctrinesLobha (“Greed”).
Source: Pali Kanon: Manual of Buddhist Terms and Doctrines'greed', is one of the 3 unwholesome roots (mūla) and a synonym of rāga and tanhā.
Source: Dhamma Study: CetasikasLobha, attachment or greed, is another akusala cetasika.
lobha can also be called be denoted as the following: Raga (greed), abhijja (covetousness) and tanha (craving).
Theravāda is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the GaganagañjaparipṛcchāLobha (लोभ) refers to “greed”, according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly, as Bodhisattva Gaganagañja explains to Bodhisattva Ratnaśrī what kind of concentration should be purified: “[...] (31) [when the Bodhisattvas attain] the concentration called ‘Like a thunderbolt’, they will understand all dharmas; (32) [when the Bodhisattvas attain] the concentration called ‘Being endowed with good conduct’, they will know the entrance into the thoughts and deeds of all living beings; (33) [when the Bodhisattvas attain] concentration called ‘Upholding the earth’, there will be no greed or hatred (lobha-dveṣa); [...]”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Tibetan Buddhist Teachers, Deities and other Spiritual beingsLobhā (लोभा) is another name for Vaiṣṇavī—one of the “Fifty-eight Wrathful Deities” (Tibetan: khro bo lha nga brgyad) according to various sources such as the Guhyagarbha Tantra and the Tibetan Book of the Dead.—They feature in Tantric teachings and practices which focus on purifying elements of the body and mind. These deities [e.g., Lobhā] form part part of the the Hundred Peaceful and Wrathful Deities who manifest to a deceased person following the dissolution of the body and consciousness whilst they are in the intermediate state (bardo) between death and rebirth. Vaiṣṇavī is also known as Lobhā and is part of the “six yoginis corresponding to the activity of pacifying”. She is also known in Tibetan as gtogs 'dod sre gdong.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
General definition (in Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-samgrahaLobha (लोभ, “greed”) refers to the “three roots of unwholesomeness” (akuśalamūla) as defined in the Dharma-saṃgraha (section 139). The Dharma-samgraha (Dharmasangraha) is an extensive glossary of Buddhist technical terms in Sanskrit (e.g., lobha). The work is attributed to Nagarjuna who lived around the 2nd century A.D.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: archive.org: Jaina YogaLobha (लोभ, “greed”) refers to a subclass of the interal (abhyantara) division of parigraha (attachment) and is related to the Aparigraha-vrata (vow of non-attachment). Amṛtacandra (in his Puruṣārthasiddhyupāya 116), Somadeva, and Āśādhara among the Digambaras and Siddhasena Gaṇin (in his commentary on the Tattvārtha-sūtra 7.24) among the Śvetāmbaras mention fourteen varieties of abhyantara-parigraha (for example, lobha).
Source: archive.org: TrisastisalakapurusacaritraLobha (लोभ) refers to “greed”, and refers to one of the four passions (kaṣāyas) of creatures, according to chapter 4.5 [dharmanātha-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.—(Note: The direct counterpart of Lobha is Antoṣa or ‘content’).
Accordingly, as Dharma-nātha said in his sermon on the kaṣāyas:—“[...] Creatures’ passions are four-fold: anger (krodha), conceit (māna), deceit (māyā), and greed (lobha); and each of them is divided into sañjvalana, etc. [...] Greed (lobha) is the akāra of all faults, a Rākṣasa for devouring virtues, a bulb of creepers of calamities, injurious to all things. A man without money wants a hundred; the one with a hundred wants a thousand; the master of a thousand wants a lac; the possessor of a lac wants a crore; the owner of a crore wants to be a king; a king wants to be a Cakravartin; a Cakravartin wants to be a god; and a god wants to be an Indra. Even when the rank of an Indra has been attained, since desire is not checked, greed (lobha), though small in the beginning, grows like grass. [...]”.
Source: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra 7: The Five VowsLobha (लोभ, “greed”).—The renunciation of anger (lobha-pratyākhāna) refers to one of the contemplations of the vow of truthfulness (satyavrata) according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra 7.5.
Source: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve ReflectionsLobha (लोभ) refers to “covetousness”, according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “The doctrine is said to be forbearance, humility, purity, straightforwardness , truth and restraint, celibacy, asceticism, renunciation and non-possession [com.—lobha-abhāva—‘absence of covetousness’]. Anything which is undesirable for oneself is not to be done to others by the actions of [body,] speech and mind, even in a dream—such is the principal characteristic of the doctrine”.
Source: academia.edu: Tessitori Collection ILobha (लोभ, “greediness”) refers to one of the “thirteen difficulties”, according to the “Teraha kāṭhīyā-svādhyāya” by Jinaharṣa (dealing with the Ethics section of Jain Canonical literature), which is included in the collection of manuscripts at the ‘Vincenzo Joppi’ library, collected by Luigi Pio Tessitori during his visit to Rajasthan between 1914 and 1919.—The exposition of the ‘thirteen difficulties’ against which one should fight as they are hindrances to proper religious practice is a widespread topic in Jain literature in Gujarati. They are either listed in brief compositions or described with several verses for each of the components. The list of terms is always the same, with a few variations in designations: [e.g., greediness (lobha or kiviṇāya), ...].—See ch. Krause 1999, p. 277 for the list as found in a Ratnasañcaya-granth stanza 118.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Biology (plants and animals)
Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)1) Lobha in India is the name of a plant defined with Phaseolus vulgaris in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Phaseolus aborigineus Burkart (among others).
2) Lobha is also identified with Sarcococca pruniformis.
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Angewandte Botanik (1968)
· Bulletin de la Société Botanique de Belgique (1977)
· Ciencia e Cultura (1980)
· Iconum Botanicarum Index (1855)
· Leg. Afr. Check-list (1989)
· Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden (1994)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Lobha, for example pregnancy safety, side effects, health benefits, extract dosage, diet and recipes, chemical composition, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionarylobha : (m.) greed; covetousness.
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryLobha, (cp. Vedic & Epic Sk. lobha; fr. lubh: see lubbhati) covetousness, greed. Defined at Vism. 468 as “lubbhanti tena, sayaṃ vā lubbhati, lubbhana-mattam eva vā taṃ, ” with several comparisons following. ‹-› Often found in triad of lobha, dosa, moha (greed, anger, bewilderment, forming the three principles of demerit: see kusala-mūla), e.g. at A. IV, 96; It. 83, 84; Vism. 116; Dukp 9, 18 sq. See dosa & moha.—D. III, 214, 275; S. I, 16, 43, 63, 123 (bhava°); V, 88; A. I, 64 (°kkhaya), 160 (visama°), cp. D. III, 70 sq.; II, 67; Sn. 367, 371, 537 (°kodha), 663, 706, 864, 941 (°pāpa); Nd1 15, 16, 261; J. IV, 11 (kodha, dosa, l.); Dhs. 982, 1059; Vbh. 208, 341, 381, 402; Nett 13, 27; Vism. 103; VbhA. 18; PvA. 7, 13, 17, 89 (+dosa), 102; VvA. 14; Sdhp. 52 (°moha), 266.—alobha disinterestedness D. III, 214; Dhs. 32.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarylōbha (लोभ).—m (S) Greedy or intense desire; cupidity, covetousness, avarice: also inordinate affection for; miserliness. 2 Affection or favor; kind regard or consideration.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishlōbha (लोभ).—m Greedy desire; avarice. Affection or favour, kind regard.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryLobha (लोभ).—[lubh-bhāve ghañ]
1) Covetousness, avarice, greed, cupidity; लोभश्चेदगुणेन किम् (lobhaścedaguṇena kim) Bhartṛhari 2.55; परवित्तादिकं दृष्ट्वा नेतुं यो हृदि जायते । अभिलाषो द्विजश्रेष्ठ स लोभः परिकीर्तितः (paravittādikaṃ dṛṣṭvā netuṃ yo hṛdi jāyate | abhilāṣo dvijaśreṣṭha sa lobhaḥ parikīrtitaḥ) Padma P.
2) Desire for, longing after (with gen. or in comp.); कङ्कणस्य तु लोभेन (kaṅkaṇasya tu lobhena) H.1.5; आननस्पर्शलोभात् (ānanasparśalobhāt) Meghadūta 15.
3) Avarice personified (one of the six enemies of man).
4) Perplexity, confusion.
Derivable forms: lobhaḥ (लोभः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryLobha (लोभ).—m.
(-bhaḥ) Covetousness, cupidity, intense or greedy desire. E. lubh to desire or covet, aff. ghañ .
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryLobha (लोभ).—i. e. lubh + a, m. Covetousness, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 2, 178; [Pañcatantra] ii. [distich] 168.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryLobha (लोभ).—[masculine] greed, avarice, impatience, strong desire of ([genetive], [locative], —°).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Lobha (लोभ):—[from lubh] a m. perplexity, confusion (See a-l)
2) [v.s. ...] impatience, eager desire for or longing after ([genitive case] [locative case] or [compound]), [Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] etc.
3) [v.s. ...] covetousness, cupidity, avarice (personified as a son of Puṣṭi or of Dambha and Māyā), [ib.]
4) b lobhana etc. See p. 905, col. 1.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryLobha (लोभ):—(bhaḥ) 1. m. Covetousness.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Lobha (लोभ) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Lobha.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryLobha (लोभ) [Also spelled lobh]:—(nm) greed, avarice; covetousness; temptation, lure; -[se kucha nahīṃ milatā] all covet, all lost.
...
Prakrit-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary1) Lobha (लोभ) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Lobha.
2) Lobha (लोभ) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Lobha.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusLōbha (ಲೋಭ):—
1) [noun] strong desire, esp. for wealth; avarice; greed; cupidity; avarice.
2) [noun] the tendency of giving or spending grudgingly or only through necessity; miserliness; stinginess.
3) [noun] a miserly, niggardly man.
4) [noun] affectionate attachment; love.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Source: unoes: Nepali-English DictionaryLobha (लोभ):—n. 1. greed; avarice; covetousness; allurement; temptation; 2. miserliness; niggardliness;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+9): Lobha Carita, Lobha Mula, Lobha Mula Citta, Lobha Team, Lobha-vijayin, Lobhabhipatin, Lobhadhamma, Lobhaka, Lobhakrishta, Lobhalobha, Lobhamanjari, Lobhamohita, Lobhamula, Lobhamulaka, Lobhana, Lobhanaka, Lobhanauda, Lobhanaya, Lobhanem, Lobhani.
Query error!
Full-text (+177): Alobha, Nirlobha, Pralobha, Dhanalobha, Atilobha, Vilobha, Arthalobha, Lobhaviraha, Rajyalobha, Lobhamohita, Rishyalobha, Lobhakrishta, Lobhashunya, Lobhamanjari, Lobhabhipatin, Lobhatman, Krodha, Vishayalobha, Lobhanvita, Salobha.
Relevant text
Search found 143 books and stories containing Lobha, Lobhā, Lōbha, Lobha-na, Lobha-ṇa, Lubha-na, Lubha-ṇa; (plurals include: Lobhas, Lobhās, Lōbhas, nas, ṇas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Bhagavad-gita (with Vaishnava commentaries) (by Narayana Gosvami)
Verse 16.21 < [Chapter 16 - Daivāsura-sampada-yoga]
Verse 14.17 < [Chapter 14 - Guṇa-traya-vibhāga-yoga]
Verse 14.12 < [Chapter 14 - Guṇa-traya-vibhāga-yoga]
Devala-smriti (critical study) (by Mukund Lalji Wadekar)
5. Papadosas (treatment of the threefold vices) < [Chapter 10 - Philosophical aspect of the Devalasmriti]
6.1. The threefold bondage < [Chapter 10 - Philosophical aspect of the Devalasmriti]
Bhajana-Rahasya (by Srila Bhaktivinoda Thakura Mahasaya)
Text 2 < [Chapter 4 - Caturtha-yāma-sādhana (Madhyāhna-kālīya-bhajana–ruci-bhajana)]
Text 17 < [Chapter 7 - Saptama-yāma-sādhana (Pradoṣa-kālīya-bhajana–vipralambha-prema)]
Text 11 < [Chapter 2 - Dvitīya-yāma-sādhana (Prātaḥ-kālīya-bhajana)]
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 4.18.13 < [Chapter 18 - The Names and Worship of Srī Yamunā]
Verse 6.10.35 < [Chapter 10 - In the Description of the Gomatī River, the Glories of Cakra-tīrtha]
Verse 6.13.16 < [Chapter 13 - The Glories of Prabhāsa-tīrtha, the Sarasvatī River, etc.]
Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)
Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 2.178 < [Section XXX - Rules to be observed by the Religious Student]
Verse 12.33 < [Section VII - The Three Guṇas]
Verse 8.118 < [Section XIX - Effect of False Evidence upon the Suit]
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