Rupika, Rūpika: 12 definitions
Introduction:
Rupika means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
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In Hinduism
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Source: archive.org: Indian Historical Quarterly Vol. 7 (shaivism)Rūpikā (रूपिका) refers to one of two types of Lāmās: female Tantrik adepts, according to the 8th-centry Jayadratha-yāmala.—Lāmā is not the commonly known Tibetan word “bla-ma” meaning “scholar”, but something different. The Lāmās otherwise called Rūpikā and Cumbikā flourish among the rare group of the Kāśyapīs. Association with them is conducive to spiritual success. They are called Rūpikā because they assume different shapes during their intercourse with others. They are called Cumbikā because they kiss at the very first introduction.
Source: SOAS University of London: Protective Rites in the Netra TantraRūpikā (रूपिका) refers to a “group of supernatural beings” that cause illness, according to the Netratantra of Kṣemarāja: a Śaiva text from the 9th century in which Śiva (Bhairava) teaches Pārvatī topics such as metaphysics, cosmology, and soteriology.—The Netratantra’s Second Chapter begins with the goddess Pārvatī’s request that Śiva reveal to her the remedy for the ailments that afflict divine and worldly beings. [...]. Śiva adds to the list of maladies a group of supernatural beings that cause illness: [e.g., Rūpikās], [...]. That Śiva discusses supernatural beings that cause such disease demonstrates how invisible forces affect the world in observable ways. In order to counter these forces, Śiva reveals another invisible but observable element, mantra.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: academia.edu: The Structure and Meanings of the Heruka MaṇḍalaRūpikā (रूपिका) refers to one of the twenty-four Ḍākinīs positioned at the padma (lotus) in the middle of the Herukamaṇḍala, according to the 10th century Ḍākārṇava chapter 15. Accordingly, between the east and north (of the heruka-maṇḍala) are six Ḍākinīs who are half black and half dark-blue in color. They [viz., Rūpikā] are headed by the major four Ḍākinīs of the Cakrasaṃvara tradition. They stand in the Pratyālīḍha posture and, except for the body posture, their physical features and objects that they hold are the same as Vajravārāhīs.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
India history and geography
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical GlossaryRūpika.—(HRS), tax on the sale of salt; one of the sources of revenue specified in the Arthaśāstra. See Ghoshal, H. Rev. Syst., pp. 25, 92, 106. Note: rūpika is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Biology (plants and animals)
Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)1) Rupika in India is the name of a plant defined with Calotropis gigantea in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Madorius giganteus (L.) Kuntze (among others).
2) Rupika is also identified with Calotropis procera It has the synonym Asclepias gigantea L. (etc.).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Species Plantarum (1753)
· Phytotherapy Research (2005)
· Revised Handb. to the Flora of Ceylon (1973)
· Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden (1930)
· Fitoterapia (2007)
· Ethnobotany (2004)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Rupika, for example chemical composition, diet and recipes, extract dosage, side effects, health benefits, pregnancy safety, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryRūpika, (adj.) (fr. rūpa) having shape; neg. a° formless Sdhp. 236 (rūp’ârūpika). (Page 575)
Source: Sutta: Pali Word Grammar from Pali Myanmar Dictionaryrūpika (ရူပိက) [(ti) (တိ)]—
[rūpa+ika．rū．4vava．,4．78,8va．nirutti,476．rūpaṃ assā atthīti rūpikā,kappadduma,rūpika-saṃ．]
[ရူပ+ဣက။ ရူ။၄ဝဝ။မောဂ်၊၄။၇၈၊၈ဝ။ နိရုတ္တိ၊၄၇၆။ ရူပံ အဿာ အတ္ထီတိ ရူပိကာ၊ ကပ္ပဒ္ဒုမ၊ ရူပိက-သံ။]
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryRūpika (रूपिक).—Coin, money.
Derivable forms: rūpikaḥ (रूपिकः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Rūpikā (रूपिका):—[from rūpaka > rūp] f. swallow-wort, Asclepias Lactifera
2) Rūpika (रूपिक):—[from rūp] m. or n. (?) coined gold or silver, money, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
See also (Relevant definitions)
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Full-text: Pratirupika, Vishvarupika, Rupaka, Cumbika, Pratirupya, Lama, Haritardhaka, Haritardha, Krishnardhaka, Krishnardha, Pratirupaka.
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Search found 13 books and stories containing Rupika, Rupa-ika, Rūpa-ika, Rūpika, Rūpikā; (plurals include: Rupikas, ikas, Rūpikas, Rūpikās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Yoga Vasistha [English], Volume 1-4 (by Vihari-Lala Mitra)
Chapter XLIX - Description of daivastras or supernatural weapons < [Book III - Utpatti khanda (utpatti khanda)]
Chapter XXXIX - Description of the battlefield infested by nocturnal fiends < [Book III - Utpatti khanda (utpatti khanda)]
Chapter CXXXIV - The story of the carcass continued < [Book VII - Nirvana prakarana part 2 (nirvana prakarana)]
Kautilya Arthashastra (by R. Shamasastry)
Chapter 12 - Conducting Mining Operations and Manufacture < [Book 2 - The duties of Government Superintendents]
Chapter 6 - The Business of Collection of Revenue by the Collector-General < [Book 2 - The duties of Government Superintendents]
Shishupala-vadha (Study) (by Shila Chakraborty)
Tax system according to Kauṭilya < [Chapter 5 - Policies of taxation]
Sushruta Samhita, volume 1: Sutrasthana (by Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna)
Minerals and Metals in Sanskrit literature (by Sulekha Biswas)
Sushruta Samhita, volume 4: Cikitsasthana (by Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna)