Shank, Śaṅk: 7 definitions

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In Hinduism
1. Yoga
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1. Sanskrit
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Introduction:

Shank means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

The Sanskrit term Śaṅk can be transliterated into English as Sank or Shank, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).

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In Hinduism

Yoga (school of philosophy)

Source: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason Birch

The Shanks are denoted by the Sanskrit term Jaṅghā, according to the Mataṅgapārameśvaratantra (Mataṅgapārameśvara’s Yogapāda) verse 2.23-27.—In later Tantras, various details [such as fixing the eyes on some object] often preceded the verses on the seated postures, thereby indicating that the position of the hands, torso and gaze was ancillary to all of the prescribed postures. In the Mataṅgapārameśvara, these postural ancillaries [making use of the Shanks] constitute what they call a karaṇa, and when it is combined with a seated pose, the Yogin’s posture becomes just as complicated as any seated pose described in later medieval yoga texts.

context information

Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).

Languages of India and abroad

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Śaṅk (शङ्क्).—1 Ā. (śaṅkate, śaṅkita)

1) To doubt, be uncertain, hesitate, be doubtful; शङ्के जीवति वा न वा (śaṅke jīvati vā na vā) Rām.

2) To dread, fear, be afraid (with abl.); नाशङ्किष्ट विवस्वतः (nāśaṅkiṣṭa vivasvataḥ) Bhaṭṭikāvya 15.39; अशङ्कितेभ्यः शङ्केत शङ्कितेभ्यश्च सर्वतः (aśaṅkitebhyaḥ śaṅketa śaṅkitebhyaśca sarvataḥ) Subhāṣ.

3) To suspect, mistrust, distrust; स्वैर्दोषैर्भवति हि शङ्कितो मनुष्यः (svairdoṣairbhavati hi śaṅkito manuṣyaḥ) Mṛcchakaṭika 4.2.

4) To think, believe, fancy, imagine, think probable, suspect, fear; त्वय्यासन्ने नयन- मुपरिस्पन्दि शङ्के मृगाक्ष्याः (tvayyāsanne nayana- muparispandi śaṅke mṛgākṣyāḥ) Meghadūta 97; नाहं पुनस्तथा त्वयि यथा हि मां शङ्कसे भीरु (nāhaṃ punastathā tvayi yathā hi māṃ śaṅkase bhīru) V.3.14; Bhaṭṭikāvya 3.26; N.22.42.

5) To start an objection, raise a doubt or objection (about); अत्रेदं शङ्क्यते (atredaṃ śaṅkyate) (often used in controversial language); न च ब्रह्मणः प्रमाणान्तरगम्यत्वं शङ्कितुं शक्यम् (na ca brahmaṇaḥ pramāṇāntaragamyatvaṃ śaṅkituṃ śakyam) Sarva S. -Caus. To frighten, terrify.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Śaṅk (शङ्क्).—i. 1, [Ātmanepada.] (in epic poetry also [Parasmaipada.], [Rāmāyaṇa] 2, 90, 15), 1. To hesitate, to be uncertain, [Rāmāyaṇa] 3, 49, 16. 2. To doubt, Mahābhārata 3, 16512. 3. To think probable, to believe, Mahābhārata 4, 97; to think, [Vikramorvaśī, (ed. Bollensen.)] [distich] 55. 4. To distrust, to suspect, Mahābhārata 3, 2327. 5. To fear, [Vikramorvaśī, (ed. Bollensen.)] 66, 10; Mahābhārata 3, 2274. Ptcple. of the pf. pass. śaṅkita. 1. Suspicious, [Pañcatantra] 187, 4; alarmed, frightened, [Rāmāyaṇa] 3, 52, 48. 2. Being fearful of (with gen. and abl.), [Pañcatantra] 100, 9. 3. Doubtful, uncertain. 4. Weak. unsteadv. Comp. Nitya-, adj. constantly suspicious, [Hitopadeśa] i. [distich] 24, M. M. [Causal.] To frighten, [Mālavikāgnimitra, (ed. Tullberg.)] 44, 13.

— With the prep. ati ati, 1. To suspect, Rām, 2, 52, 57. 2. To fear, [Rāmāyaṇa] 2, 22, 30.

— With abhi abhi, 1. To be uncertain, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 8, 96. 2. To doubt, [Matsyopākhyāna] 34. abhiśaṅkita, 1. Suspecting, Chr. 14, 26. 2. Afraid, [Mālatīmādhava, (ed. Calc.)] 143, 3.

— With ā ā, 1. To hesitate, [Pañcatantra] i. [distich] 437 (with ptcple. in the sense of an infin.). 2. To doubt. [Śākuntala, (ed. Böhtlingk.)] 66, 19. 3. To think probable, Da- śak. in Chr. 193, 2. 4. To suspect, to apprehend, [Mālatīmādhava, (ed. Calc.)] 69, 19; [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 7, 183. 5. To fear, [Uttara Rāmacarita, 2. ed. Calc., 1862.] 62, 4.

— With nis nis, niḥśaṅkita (rather śaṅkita with nis), 1. Not hesitating, [Pañcatantra] 217, 12. 2. Careless, ib. 161, 16.

— With pari pari, To suspect, Mahābhārata 3, 10356; with doṣeṇa, a crime or sin, [Nala] 24, 26. pariśaṅkita, 1. Suspected, Chr. 54, 15. 2. Suspecting, Chr. 18, 36. 3. Fearful, [Lassen, Anthologia Sanskritica.] 2. ed. 61, 32.

— With vi vi, 1. To doubt, Mahābhārata 1, 2966. 2. To suspect, [Śākuntala, (ed. Böhtlingk.)] [distich] 114. 3. To fear, [Mālatīmādhava, (ed. Calc.)] 70, 13; [Pañcatantra] ii. [distich] 178. a-viśaṅkita, adj. Fearless, [Vikramorvaśī, (ed. Bollensen.)] 81, 11.

— With nirvi nis-vi, nirviśaṅkita (rather vi- śaṅkita with nis), acc. ºtam, adv. Without hesitation, [Harivaṃśa, (ed. Calc.)] 7335.

— With sam sam, To suspect, Mahābhārata 4, 568.

— Cf. [Latin] cunc + tari; [Anglo-Saxon.] hangian; [Gothic.] and [Old High German.] hugjan; [Gothic.] hugs; [Anglo-Saxon.] hige, hyge, hogu, hygian, hyggan, hiegan, hogian; [Old High German.] hugu.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Śaṅk (शङ्क्).—śaṅkate (śaṅkati), [participle] śaṅkita (q.v.) doubt, hesitate, be anxious or suspicious, be afraid of ([accusative] or [ablative]); suppose, expect, believe. [Causative] śaṅkayati make anxious about ([locative]).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Śaṅk (शङ्क्):—[class] 1. [Ātmanepada] ([Dhātupāṭha iv, 12]) śaṅkate ([Epic] also [Parasmaipada]; [Aorist] 2. sg. aśaṅkīs, aśaṅkiṣṭa, śaṅkiṣṭhās, śaṅkithās, [Mahābhārata] etc. [infinitive mood] śaṅkitum, [ib.]; [indeclinable participle]; -śaṅkya, [ib.]; [grammar] also [perfect tense] śaśaṅke [future] śaṅkitā, śaṅkiṣyate),

—to be anxious or apprehensive, be afraid of ([ablative]), fear, dread, suspect, distrust ([accusative]), [Brāhmaṇa; Mahābhārata];

—to be in doubt or uncertain about ([accusative]), hesitate, [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.;

—to think probable, assume, believe, regard as (with two [accusative]), suppose to be (śaṅke, ‘I think’, ‘I suppose’, ‘it seems to me’), [ib.];

— (in argumentative works) to ponder over or propound a doubt or objection:—[Passive voice] śaṅkyate ([Aorist] aśaṅki), to be feared or doubted etc.:—[Causal] śaṅkayati, to cause to fear or doubt, render anxious about ([locative case]), [Mālavikāgnimitra]

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Śaṅk (शङ्क्) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Saṃka.

[Sanskrit to German]

Shank in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Relevant text

Search found 128 books and stories containing Shank, Śaṅk, Sank, The shank; (plurals include: Shanks, Śaṅks, Sanks, The shanks). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Chapter X - Gestures of other Limbs

Chapter XI - Cārī movements

Chapter XXIV - Harmonious Representation (sāmānyābhinaya)

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Performance of Cārī < [Chapter 2 - Concept and technique of Gati]

Elements of Āṅgika-abhinaya in Nāṭyaśāstra < [Chapter 1 - Nāṭya]

Relevant Sthānas and Nyāyas related to perform the Gati < [Chapter 2 - Concept and technique of Gati]

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Regarding Phenaka (trtiyakah phenakah) < [Volume 2 (1992)]

Apropos Mallika < [Volume 4 (1995)]

Astanga Sangraha, Kalpasthana IV: Translation and Notes < [Volume 5 (1997)]

+ 2 more chapters / show preview