Sthapana, Sthāpanā, Sthāpana: 28 definitions
Introduction:
Sthapana means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Sthapan.
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In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstraSthāpanā (स्थापना) refers to “prologue”. More specifically, it refers to the prologue of a Nāṭaka play. It is also known as Prastavanā. The term is used throughout nāṭyaśāstra literature.
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Shilpashastra (iconography)
Source: Google Books: The Illustrated Dictionary of Hindu IconographySthāpana (स्थापन) refers to the “fixing or erecting of an image”.
Source: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts (shilpa)Sthāpana (स्थापन) refers to “consecration for standing images”, as discussed in chapter 13 (Kriyāpāda) of the Padmasaṃhitā: the most widely followed of Saṃhitā covering the entire range of concerns of Pāñcarātra doctrine and practice (i.e., the four-fold formulation of subject matter—jñāna, yoga, kriyā and caryā) consisting of roughly 9000 verses.—Description of the chapter [śūlasthāpana-vidhi]: [...] The ceremonies of “installing” the śūla-frame commence with an abhiṣeka (34-35); this is followed by a circumambulation of the sanctuary with the śūla-pieces before they are taken into the readied interior of the sanctuary (99-100). The actual consecration itself is called sthāpana when śūla-frames are installed in a standing image; āsthāpana when installed in a seated image; saṃsthāpana in a recumbent image; prasthāpana in the vehicle of the Lord; when installation ceremonies are done to the pīṭha only it is called simply pratiṣṭhā (101-104). [...]
Shilpashastra (शिल्पशास्त्र, śilpaśāstra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Source: Shodhganga: Temple management in the ĀgamasSthāpana (स्थापन) refers to certain a ceremony to be performed during pūjā (ritualistic worship), according to the Arcanāvidhipaṭala of Kāmikāgama.—Then [after āvāhana], the Ācārya, with flowers in his hands, meditates on the Śiva that he has invoked. He then performs sthāpana and sannidhāna with the respective mudrās. He performs sānnirodhana with the corresponding mudrā. The pūjā is fruitless if this is not performed. He then performs avakuṇṭhana with the corresponding mudrā.
Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric TraditionsSthāpana (स्थापन) refers to the “installation (of the Liṅga)”, according to the 9th-century Sarvajñānottaratantra chapter 18.—Accordingly, “Next, I shall teach the best observance among observances, which is known as the Śiva-vrata and which is revered by Asuras and Gods alike. [...] Next, I shall teach the characteristics of a temple of Śiva, as well as [how to perform] the installation of the Liṅga (sthāpana—sthāpanaṃ caiva liṅgasya), in which the universe is [itself] ‘installed.’ All the gods, beginning with Brahmā, reside in the liṅga; therefore a Yogin who venerates his guru, God and the fire and who has performed his vidyāvrata should install the liṅga, following the procedure taught in scripture. [...]”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Source: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of termsSthāpanā (स्थापना):—Justifying a proposition on the basis of reasons, instance, and conclusion.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Source: Google Books: Studies in the History of the Exact Sciences (Astronomy)Sthāpana (स्थापन) or Ghaṭīsthāpana refers to “establishing” (the water clock—ghaṭī), according to the Ghaṭikāyantraghaṭanāvidhi, an unpublished manuscript describing the ritual connected with the setting up of the water clock and its invocation.—Accordingly, “[...] Now the characteristics of the ground on which the water clock is to be set up [i.e., ghaṭī-sthāpana-bhūlakṣaṇa]. On a ground, sloped to the east and north,58 which has been smeared with cow-dung, a vessel called kuṇḍa, faultless (avraṇa) and auspicious, should be placed ... upon grains of rice and should be encircled with thread dyed in saffron; then it should be filled with clear water. The water clock (i.e. the bowl) should be placed on the placid water in the basin, when the Sun’s orb is half visible, after worshipping Gaṇeśa and the Sun, and after bowing to the teacher and to the personal deity. [...]”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Vastushastra (architecture)
Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (architecture)Sthāpana (स्थापन) refers to “storage” (e.g., for gold, cloths, water, grain, etc.), according to the Devyāmata (chapter 105).—Accordingly, [while describing the layout of the residence (gṛha) for the prāsādāśramin]—“[...] Storage (sthāpana) for gems, gold and cloths is recommended in the east, and for water in the south and centre. Grain storage (sthāpana) is recommended in the west. In the northwest is storage for the mortar. [...]”.
Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation1) Sthāpana (स्थापन) refers to the “construction (of the altar)”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.39 (“The gods arrive at Kailāsa”).—Accordingly, as Viṣṇu said to Śiva: “[...] O Śiva, let the rites of your marriage with the daughter of the lord of mountains be performed according to the laws laid down in the Gṛhya Sūtras. The rites followed in your marriage, O Śiva, will become famous and be followed in the world. Please cause the construction of the altar (maṇḍapa-sthāpana) and the Nāndīmukha according to family tradition. Thus you will be spreading your glory in the world, O lord”.
2) Sthāpana (स्थापन) refers to “one who establishes (good virtue)”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.5.16 (“The battle of the gods”).—Accordingly, as Brahmā and the Gods eulogized Viṣṇu: “[...] Obeisance to you of the form of Kalki; the destroyer of outcastes, Obeisance to him of infinite power and who establishes good virtue (saddharma-sthāpana) . Obeisance to you of the form of Kapila of great soul and who expounded the doctrines of Sāṃkhya and Yoga to Devahūtī; [...]”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Yoga (school of philosophy)
Source: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason BirchSthāpana (स्थापन) refers to the “placement (of the tongue)” (above the uvula), according to the Dakṣiṇāmūrti (Dakṣiṇāmūrtistotrabhāvārthavārttika), otherwise known as the Mānasollāsa and attributed to a Sureśvarācārya.—Accordingly, while discussing Hathayogic Mudrās as part of Yoga practices: “The contraction [and drawing up] of the downward moving breath and the stopping [and drawing down] the upward moving breath and the placement (sthāpana) of the tongue above the uvula is the practice of Yoga”.
Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).
Dharmashastra (religious law)
Source: Oxford Academic: Homo Ritualis: Hindu Ritual and Its Significance to Ritual Theory1) Sthāpana (स्थापन) refers to “establishing (the fire)”, and represents one of the traditional marriage rituals, according to Dadhirāma Marāsini’s 19th century Vivāhapaddhati (part of his Karmakāṇḍabhāskara) which is based on the Pāraskara-Gṛhyasūtra, a domestic manual in the Mādhyandina school of the Vājasaneyisaṃhitā.—If performed traditionally, high caste marriages among the Parbatiyas (Parbates/Paharis/Pahadis) or Indo-Nepalese people in Nepal are normally executed by following the course of events as presented in marriage manuals. The Agni-sthāpana rite is mentioned under the header called Rules for the marriage (vivāhavidhi): worship of the groom (varapūjana).
2) Sthāpana (स्थापन) also refers to “placing” (the bride left of the groom) [i.e., varasya vāmabhāge vadhvāḥ sthāpana]
Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.
Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa)
Source: Wisdom Library: Pancaratra (Samhita list)Sthāpana (स्थापन) or Sthāpanavidhi is the name of chapter 31 of the Saura-Kāṇḍa of the Hayaśīrṣapañcarātra: an ancient Pāñcarātra consisting of four sections (kāṇḍas), deriving its name from the fact that according to its frame-story (ādikāṇḍa) it was revealed by God in the form of Hayaśiras, the Horse-Headed One. The Agnipurāṇa chapters 62-69 have parallels with the Saṃkarṣaṇakāṇḍa of the Hayaśīrṣa-pañcarātra.
Source: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts1) Sthāpana (स्थापन) refers to one of the several pratiṣṭhās (sanctification ceremonies for icons) mentioned in the fourteenth chapter of the Nāradīyasaṃhitā: a Pāñcarātra document comprising over 3000 verses in 30 chapters presenting in a narrative framework the teachings of Nārada to Gautama, dealing primarily with modes of worship and festivals.—Description of the chapter [prāsādalakṣaṇa-vidhi]: The narrative picks up as Nārada notes that there are several types of pratiṣṭhā-sanctification ceremonies for icons—sthāpana, āsthāpana, saṃsthāpana, prasthāpana and pratiṣṭhā. He then turns to the special procedure for consecrating a karmārcā-icon by means of transferring the vitality of the main image to it. He speaks also of installing subsidiary images. Then he describes the various parts of a temple-compound—[...]
2) Sthāpana (स्थापन) refers to “establishing the icon” (in the temple-senctuary), as discussed in the nineteenth chapter of the Paramasaṃhitā: one of the older texts of the Pāñcarātra canon consisting of over 2100 verses in 31 chapters which, being encyclopedic in scope, deals with philosophy, worship routines, mantras, initiation, social behavior, temple-building, etc.—Accordingly, Parama takes up again the procedure of establishing the icon (sthāpana) in the temple-senctuary for worship. After cleaning the finished temple and its precincts, the festivities of installation are to begin with music, chanting and processions. They proceed in earnest with prokṣaṇa-sprinklings, and homas, etc. (11-30). Specific instructions for precise placement of the various icons in the premises are given (31-37). [...]
3) Sthāpana (स्थापन) refers to one of the “five types of consecration ceremonies” (pratiṣṭhā), as discussed in chapter 15 of the Viṣṇusaṃhitā: a Sanskrit text written in 2600 verses which covers typical Pāñcarātra topics through a narrative dialogue between Aupagāyana and Siddha Sumati.—Description of the chapter [pratiṣṭhā-pañcaka]: There are 5 types of consecration-ceremonies: sthāpana, āsthāpana, saṃsthāpana, prasthāpana and pratiṣṭhāpana; each one of the 5 kinds of images has a different consecration-standing, sitting, lying, vehicular and moveable (1-3). Other details about pratiṣṭhā-rites follow in relation to different iconographical variants (4-23). [...]
Pancaratra (पाञ्चरात्र, pāñcarātra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.
General definition (in Hinduism)
Source: Shodhganga: Temples and cult of Sri Rama in Tamilnadu (h)Sthapana refers to “fixing and consecrating the image” and represents one of the various daily ceremonies performed during puja (worship).—Offering of water and food or tirtham and prasadam to the deities on the different occasions or specified hours of the day is an important item in the daily pujas. [...] While for the daily routine, only ordinary plain rice was offered, special food preparations were offered often on festival days. [...] The daily routine includes a number of ceremonies [viz., Sthapana] that are repeated.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarysthāpana (स्थापन).—n (S) sthāpanā f (S) Placing, setting, laying, fixing. 2 Establishing, erecting, instituting, founding, raising, setting up. 3 Settling, ordering, ordaining, appointing, determining. 4 Substantiating, proving, evincing, verifying. 5 Among devotees. Fixing or concentrating the thoughts upon the object of meditation. 6 A certain ceremony performed in the month of utero-gestation.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishsthāpana (स्थापन).—n-nā f Placing; settling. Establi- shing; proving.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionarySthāpanā (स्थापना).—
1) Placing, fixing, founding, establishing.
2) Arranging, regulating (as a drama), stage-management.
3) A prologue of the drama; (see plays of Bhāsa).
4) Storing, keeping, preserving.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionarySthāpana (स्थापन).—nt. (compare Pali ṭhapana, same meaning), omission, avoidance: Mūla-Sarvāstivāda-Vinaya ii.176.8 adharmeṇa karmaṇā kopyena °nārheṇa (which ought to be avoided); so iii.73.16 etc.; poṣadha-°na, omission, suspension, of the p°, Mūla-Sarvāstivāda-Vinaya iii. 108.11 ff. (list of valid and invalid reasons for it, as in Pali, Vin. ii.241.26 ff., pātimokkha-ṭhapanaṃ).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionarySthāpana (स्थापन).—n.
(-naṃ) 1. Placing, founding, fixing, erecting. 2. Ordering, directing. 3. Fixing or concentrating the thoughts upon the object of meditation, abstraction, mental control. 4. A ceremony performed in the month of utero-gestation. 5. A dwelling, a habitation. f.
(-nā) 1. Ordering or arranging as a drama, stage-management. 2. Placing, fixing. f. (-nī) A plant, (Cissampelos hexandra.) E. ṣṭhā to stay or stand, causal form, aff. lyuṭ or yuc .
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionarySthāpana (स्थापन).—i. e. sthā, [Causal.], + ana, I. n. 1. Placing, Naiṣ. 22, 45, Sch.; fixing, erecting, founding. 2. Concentrating one’s thoughts upon the object of meditation. 3. Ordering. 4. A habitation. 5. A ceremony performed when the mother perceives the first signs of living conception. Ii. f. nā, Stage management. Iii. f. nī, A plant, Cissampelos hexandra.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionarySthāpana (स्थापन).—[adjective] establishing, fixing, settling, founding; [neuter] & [feminine] ā the act of establishing etc.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Sthāpana (स्थापन):—[from sthā] mfn. ([from] [Causal]) causing to stand etc.
2) [v.s. ...] maintaining, preserving (See vayaḥ-sth)
3) [v.s. ...] fixing, determining, [Sāhitya-darpaṇa]
4) Sthāpanā (स्थापना):—[from sthāpana > sthā] f. the act of causing to stand firmly or fixing, supporting (as an attribute of the earth), [Mahābhārata; Hemādri’s Caturvarga-cintāmaṇi]
5) [v.s. ...] storing, keeping, preserving, [Campaka-śreṣṭhi-kathānaka]
6) [v.s. ...] fixed order or regulation, [ib.]
7) [v.s. ...] establishing, establishment, dialectical proof (of a proposition), [ib.; Caraka; Sarvadarśana-saṃgraha]
8) [v.s. ...] arranging, regulating or directing (as a drama etc.), stage-management (cf. sthā-paka), [Horace H. Wilson]
9) Sthāpana (स्थापन):—[from sthā] n. causing to stand, fixing, establishing, founding, instituting, raising, erecting (an image etc.), [Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā; Inscriptions]
10) [v.s. ...] putting or placing or laying upon ([compound]), [Suśruta; Naiṣadha-carita [Scholiast or Commentator]]
11) [v.s. ...] fastening, fixing, rendering immovable, [Bhāgavata-purāṇa]
12) [v.s. ...] hanging, suspending, [Catalogue(s)]
13) [v.s. ...] strengthening (of the limbs), preservation or prolongation (of life) or a means of strengthening etc., [Suśruta; Caraka]
14) [v.s. ...] a means of stopping (the flow of blood), styptic, [ib.]
15) [v.s. ...] storage (of grain), [Kṛṣisaṃgraha]
16) [v.s. ...] establishment or dialectical proof of a proposition, [Madhusūdana]
17) [v.s. ...] statement, definition, [Sāhitya-darpaṇa]
18) [v.s. ...] a [particular] process to which quicksilver is subjected, [Sarvadarśana-saṃgraha]
19) [v.s. ...] = puṃ-savana, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
20) [v.s. ...] fixing the thoughts, abstraction, [Horace H. Wilson]
21) [v.s. ...] a dwelling, habitation, [ib.]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionarySthāpana (स्थापन):—(naṃ) 1. n. Fixing the mind, abstraction; ceremony in the month of utero-gestation; a dwelling; placing; directing. f. (ā) Stage management; (ī) a plant, Cissampelos.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Sthāpana (स्थापन) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Ṭhavaṇa, Ṭhavaṇā, Ṭhāvaṇa, Thappaṇa, Thāvaṇa.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary1) Sthāpana (स्थापन) [Also spelled sthapan]:—(nm) foundation, erection, fixation; propounding; establishment, setting up.
2) Sthāpanā (स्थापना):—(nf) propounding; founding, establishing; installing (an idol); see [sthāpana; —karanā] to propound; to found, to establish; to institute; to fix; to instal an idol (in a temple).
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusSthāpana (ಸ್ಥಾಪನ):—
1) [noun] = ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ [sthapane].
2) [noun] a ritual observed during the early stage of a woman’s pregnancy, with the desire of having a male child.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Source: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary1) Sthāpana (स्थापन):—n. establishment; foundation; setting up; creation; planting; placing;
2) Sthāpanā (स्थापना):—n. 1. erection; 2. establishment; founding; 3. installation;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Stapanam, Stapanamuttirai, Sthapana-garnu, Sthapana-shravaka, Sthapanacarya, Sthapanama, Sthapanamavritta, Sthapanamgey, Sthapananikshepa, Sthapanarthamandapa, Sthapanavade, Sthapanavidhi, Sthapanavritta.
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Full-text (+175): Samsthapana, Upasthapana, Prasthapana, Vyavasthapana, Ghatasthapana, Avasthapana, Asthapana, Pratishthapana, Vayahsthapana, Anushthapana, Sthapanacarya, Navagrahasthapana, Nakshatrasthapana, Matrikasthapana, Uparisthapana, Nityalilasthapana, Pancaratrasthapana, Vastusthapana, Navagrahadhidevatasthapana, Shonitasthapana.
Relevant text
Search found 67 books and stories containing Sthapana, Sthāpanā, Sthāpana; (plurals include: Sthapanas, Sthāpanās, Sthāpanas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 2.1.48 < [Chapter 1 - Description of the Entrance in Vṛndāvana]
Verse 2.2.32 < [Chapter 2 - Description of Girirāja Govardhana’s Birth]
Verse 2.2.33 < [Chapter 2 - Description of Girirāja Govardhana’s Birth]
Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary) (by Vijay K. Jain)
Verse 1.5 - Avoid deviation from established conventions < [Chapter 1 - Right Faith and Knowledge]
Verse 1.6 - Attainment of knowledge of the seven categories < [Chapter 1 - Right Faith and Knowledge]
Dasarupaka (critical study) (by Anuru Ranjan Mishra)
Part 11 - Technical Aspects of a Utsṛṣṭikāṅka < [Chapter 8 - Utsṛṣṭikāṅka (critical study)]
Part 11 - The technical aspects of a Bhāṇa < [Chapter 2 - Bhāṇa (critical study)]
Part 11 - Technical Aspects of a Vyāyoga < [Chapter 5 - Vyāyoga (critical study)]
Sanskrit dramas by Kerala authors (Study) (by S. Subramania Iyer)
13. Influence of other poets on Saktibhadra < [Chapter 4: Ascaryacudamani (Ashcharya Chudamani) (Study)]
2. Characteristics of the Kerala Sanskrit dramas < [Chapter 2]
8. The sentiment (rasa) of the Ashcharya Chudamani < [Chapter 4: Ascaryacudamani (Ashcharya Chudamani) (Study)]
Vivekachudamani (by Shankara)
Puranic encyclopaedia (by Vettam Mani)
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