Svatantrya, Svatamtrya, Svātantrya: 20 definitions
Introduction:
Svatantrya means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana IndexSvātantrya (स्वातन्त्र्य).—Independence claimed by Jayadevas who were punished for doing so.*
- * Vāyu-purāṇa 67. 18.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Source: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammarSvātantrya (स्वातन्त्र्य).—Independence, or autonomy as a characteristic of the agent (कर्ता (kartā)); cf. कर्मकर्तरि कर्तृत्वमस्ति। कुतः। स्वातन्त्र्यस्य विवक्षितत्वात् । स्वातन्त्र्येणैवात्र कर्ता विवक्षितः । (karmakartari kartṛtvamasti| kutaḥ| svātantryasya vivakṣitatvāt | svātantryeṇaivātra kartā vivakṣitaḥ |) M.Bh. on P. III. 1. 87 Vart.5.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Source: archive.org: Vagbhata’s Ashtanga Hridaya Samhita (first 5 chapters)Svātantrya (स्वातन्त्र्य) refers to “independence”, and is mentioned in verse 2.44 of the Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā (Sūtrasthāna) by Vāgbhaṭa.—Accordingly, “[...] excessive attachment to liquor; and confidence in, and independence [viz., svātantrya] from, women: (all these things) one shall eschew. In all activities of a wise (man) the world alone (is) his teacher”.
Note: Svātantrya (“independence”) has been rendered raṅ-dbaṅ gyur-pa, lit. “the having become, being, independent”. The variant gyur-pas in NP is unclear and, at any rate, does not agree with the original; it may perhaps be understood this way: “confidence in women one shall eschew by independence (from them)”.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Google Books: ManthanabhairavatantramSvātantrya (स्वातन्त्र्य) means “to obtain independence”, according to the Maitryupaniṣad.—Accordingly, “Verily there are two Brahmans to be meditated upon: sound (śabda) and non-sound (aśabda). Now non-sound is revealed only by sound. Now, in this case the Sound-Brahman is OṂ. Ascending by it, one comes to an end in non-sound... This is immortality... As a spider mounting up by means of his thread (tantu) obtains free space, thus, assuredly, indeed, does that meditator, mounting up by means of OṂ, obtain independence (svātantrya).... Passing beyond this variously characterized Sound-Brahman, men disappear into the supreme, the non-sound, the unmanifest Brahman”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Shaiva philosophy
Source: archive.org: Chittanubodha Shastram By Bhaskara KanthaSvātantrya (स्वातन्त्र्य) refers to the “absolute freedom” (of Śiva).—The Kashmir Śaiva thinkers believe in pluralism because not all human beings are alike and the different paths and Philosophies are meant for different kinds of people. [...] The dynamism of the world flows from the very heart of vibrative Consciousness or spanda. This is also related to the conception of Śiva’s Śaktis or dynamic Energies. The Śaktis are not separate from Śiva, hence there is complete advaita or non-duality, but they manifest his creative activity flowing out, as well as the cognitive activity flowing back to the source (icchā, jñāna and kriyā-śaktis). The Śaktis have the power both to conceal and to reveal the Supreme Reality. Śiva himself is absolute Freedom (svātantrya), and if he creates, he creates out of this freedom and overflowing bliss.
Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (philosophy)Svātantrya (स्वातन्त्र्य) refers to “(an expression of) consciousness’s freedom”.—[...] Thus according to the Śaiva non-dualists, consciousness is not a mirror passively reflecting a world of objects existing independently of it, and phenomenal variety, far from being the mere reflection of such an external world, is an expression of consciousness’s freedom (svātantrya) to manifest itself in an infinite variety of forms while playfully hiding its fundamental unity. The Sautrāntika is therefore wrong to assume that phenomenal variety and its spatio-temporal sequence (kāladeśakrama) can only be explained by postulating an external cause, since they can be accounted for as the result of the freedom of consciousness—a freedom which, contrary to an external object, is experienced by all conscious beings, for example when they imagine.
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Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric TraditionsSvātantrya (स्वातन्त्र्य) refers to “autonomy”, according to the Īśvarapratyabhijñāvivṛtivimarśinī (KSTS vol. 65, 327–331).—Accordingly, “This is said [already in the Īśvarapratyabhijñāvimarśinī]: when the [true] I-sense, due to the power of the realization of its all-pervasiveness, eternality, etc., through the [scriptural] indication of its [innate] autonomy (svātantrya-diśā), emerges as it were from the objectified [levels of limited selfhood]—Void etc.—and abides [in its real nature], then that is the state [called] the Fourth. Nevertheless [in that state] the impressions of the Void, etc., still remain. Thus this has exactly the same [nature] as [that which is called] the ‘separated turyātīta’”
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa)
Source: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama TextsSvātantrya (स्वातन्त्र्य) refers to “(dividing oneself) of one’s own free will”, as discussed in chapter 4 of the Viśvāmitrasaṃhitā: a Pāñcarātra text comprising some 2600 Sanskrit verses covering topics such as initiation (dīkṣā) and the construction, decoration and consecration of temples and icons, as well as routines of regular and special worship cycles.—Description of the chapter [sṛṣṭi-adhyāya]: [...] As for Saṃkarṣaṇa, etc., these modes of existence are explained in terms of their origins in Vāsudeva Who so divided Himself of His own Free will [svātantrya]; the modes are described (9b-18). These modes in turn, each produced other forms—and these are respectively named. In the course of naming these latter forms, their ornaments and entourages are also identified (19-31). [...]
Pancaratra (पाञ्चरात्र, pāñcarātra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarysvātantrya (स्वातंत्र्य).—n S Independence, absoluteness, freeness, uncontrolled or unsubjected state. 2 (Reproachfully.) Self-willedness, wilfulness, refractoriness, contumaciousness, unruliness.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishsvātantrya (स्वातंत्र्य).—n Independence. Wilfulness.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionarySvātantrya (स्वातन्त्र्य).—[svatantrasya bhāvaḥ ṣyañ]
1) Freedom of will, independence; न स्त्री स्वातन्त्र्यमर्हति (na strī svātantryamarhati) Manusmṛti 9.3; न स्वातन्त्र्यं क्वचित् स्त्रियाः (na svātantryaṃ kvacit striyāḥ) Y.1.85.
2) (In phil.) Free will.
Derivable forms: svātantryam (स्वातन्त्र्यम्).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionarySvātantrya (स्वातन्त्र्य).—n.
(-ntryaṃ) Wilfulness, independence. E. svatantra self-willed, ṣyañ aff.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionarySvātantrya (स्वातन्त्र्य).—i. e. sva-tantra + ya, n. 1. Independence, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 9, 3; [Bhartṛhari, (ed. Bohlen.)] 3, 92. 2. Wilfulness, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 5, 147 (mere pleasure, Jones).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionarySvātantrya (स्वातन्त्र्य).—[neuter] self-dependence, free will; [instrumental] spontaneously, freely.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English DictionarySvātantrya (स्वातन्त्र्य):—n. ([from] sva-tantra) the following one’s own will, freedom of the will, independence (āt and ena, ‘by one’s own will, of one’s own free choice, voluntarily, freely’), [Lāṭyāyana; Maitrī-upaniṣad; Mahābhārata etc.]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionarySvātantrya (स्वातन्त्र्य):—(ntyraṃ) 1. n. Idem.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionarySvātaṃtrya (स्वातंत्र्य) [Also spelled swatantray]:—(nm) freedom, independence, liberty; ~[priya] freedom-loving; -[saṃgharṣa/samara] freedom fight, independence struggle; -[senānī] a freedom fighter.
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Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusSvātaṃtrya (ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ):—[noun] liberation from the control, restriction, restraint, compulsion, etc. of some other person or some arbitrary power; liberty; independence; freedom.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Source: unoes: Nepali-English DictionarySvātantrya (स्वातन्त्र्य):—n. → स्वतन्त्रता [svatantratā]
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Shva.
Starts with: Svatamtryasamgrama.
Query error!
Full-text (+18): Asvatantrya, Vyaktisvatantrya, Icchasvatamtrya, Prajasvatamtrya, Svatamtryasamgrama, Patrikasvatamtrya, Chattrabhanga, Purnasvatantrya, Swatantrya, Svatantriyam, Shabdasvatantryavada, Bhashana, Swatantray, Bhashan, Sevaka, Cuvatantiriyam, Vichar, Vimarsha, Mat, Vicara.
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Search found 31 books and stories containing Svatantrya, Sva-tamtrya, Svā-taṃtrya, Svā-tantrya, Sva-tantrya, Svātaṃtrya, Svatamtrya, Svātantrya; (plurals include: Svatantryas, tamtryas, taṃtryas, tantryas, Svātaṃtryas, Svatamtryas, Svātantryas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Pratyabhijna and Shankara’s Advaita (comparative study) (by Ranjni M.)
3.1. Svātantrya of Śiva < [Chapter 4 - Ultimate Reality and God in Pratyabhijñā and Advaita]
2.1. The concept of Absoluteness (Akhaṇḍatā) < [Chapter 4 - Ultimate Reality and God in Pratyabhijñā and Advaita]
4. The Theory of Causality < [Chapter 3 - The nature of Universe and Individual Self in Pratybhijñā and Advaita]
Cidgaganacandrika (study) (by S. Mahalakshmi)
Verse 241-242 [Sūrya enjoys Bliss with grace of Śakti] < [Chapter 4 - Fourth Vimarśa]
Part 12 - Uniqueness of reflection (pratibimba) < [Philosophy of Kashmir Tantric System]
Part 5 - Svātantrya—Self-created free will < [Krama system and Trika school]
Journal of the European Ayurvedic Society (by Inge Wezler)
Biology in Bhaskarakantha’s Cittanubodhasastra < [Volume 3 (1993)]
The concept of Mind in the Major Upanishads (by Gisha K. Narayanan)
9(b). Different Names of Prajñā < [Chapter 4 - The concept of Mind in the Major Upaniṣads]
Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (by Śrīla Rūpa Gosvāmī)
Verse 2.1.36 < [Part 1 - Ecstatic Excitants (vibhāva)]
Taittiriya Upanishad Bhashya Vartika (by R. Balasubramanian)